Chromosome missegregation analysis A Mitotic cells were harvested by Biology Diagrams The act of mitosis has captured the hearts of cytologists for more than a century now. The assembly of a perfectly shaped bipolar spindle, the seemingly erratic movements of chromosomes attempting to align, and the abrupt, coordinated segregation of chromatids at anaphase continue to enchant us. A repulsive surface layer on mitotic chromosomes promotes their individualisation and independent motility after nuclear envelope breakdown, to facilitate segregation by the mitotic spindle.
For over a century, scientists have strived to understand the mechanisms that govern the accurate segregation of chromosomes during mitosis. The most intriguing feature of this process, which is Chromosome segregation is the process in eukaryotes by which two sister chromatids formed as a consequence of DNA replication, or paired homologous chromosomes, separate from each other and migrate to opposite poles of the nucleus. This segregation process occurs during both mitosis and meiosis. Chromosome segregation also occurs in prokaryotes. Chromosome segregation—the partitioning of genetic material into two daughter cells—is one of the most crucial processes in cell division. In all Eukaryotes, chromosome segregation is driven by the spindle, a microtubule-based, self-organizing
Mitotic Chromosome Mechanics: How Cells Segregate Their Genome Biology Diagrams
Mitosis is the process by which a eukaryotic cell divides to produce two daughter cells that each contain the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Chromosome segregation is an extremely complex process that occurs on a microtubule-based scaffold called the mitotic spindle (Gadde and Heald, 2004). Microtubules, produced from the spindle poles, capture duplicated chromosomes such that each member of a pair of sister chromatids is attached to opposite poles, i.e. amphitelic attachment. Chromosomes must be reliably and uniformly segregated into daughter cells during mitotic cell division. Fidelity of chromosomal segregation is controlled by multiple mechanisms that include the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC). The SAC is part of a
Explore the mitotic spindle's role in cell division, from its assembly to regulation, and how its precise function ensures accurate chromosome segregation.
Chromosome Segregation in Mitosis: The Role of Centromeres Biology Diagrams
The compaction of chromatin to form the recognizable mitotic chromosome structures would serve little value until the evolution of the machinery for facilitating mitotic segregation. And yet, it is essential for mitotic division to proceed — that is, the process of chromosome condensation resides within an irreducibly complex system.
